Roxadustat is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including both dialysis-dependent and non–dialysis-dependent patients.
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Roxadustat is a first-in-class, orally administered hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor. It stimulates erythropoiesis by increasing endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production, improving iron utilization, and counteracting inflammation-mediated suppression of hemoglobin synthesis through downregulation of hepcidin.
Roxadustat is an orally bioavailable HIF-PH inhibitor with potent anti-anemic activity. By reversibly inhibiting HIF-PH enzymes, it prevents the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-α) under normal oxygen conditions, thereby enhancing HIF transcriptional activity.
Activation of the HIF pathway leads to:
Roxadustat promotes coordinated erythropoiesis while maintaining plasma EPO levels within or near physiological ranges. It has demonstrated effectiveness across multiple CKD subpopulations, including patients with inflammation, without the routine need for intravenous iron supplementation.
In patients with CKD-associated anemia, Roxadustat dose-dependently increases hemoglobin levels, reduces hepcidin concentrations, and improves iron metabolism by increasing serum transferrin, intestinal iron absorption, and release of stored iron. Additionally, Roxadustat has been shown to significantly reduce total cholesterol levels, regardless of concomitant statin or lipid-lowering therapy.
Administration: Oral
Dosing frequency: Three times per week, on non-consecutive days
Target hemoglobin: 10–12 g/dL
Usual starting dose: 50 mg three times weekly
Alternative starting dose:
70 mg three times weekly for patients weighing <100 kg
100 mg three times weekly for patients weighing ≥100 kg
Starting dose: 70 mg or 100 mg three times weekly
Subsequent dose adjustments based on clinical response and hemoglobin levels
Dose adjustments should follow the recommended stepwise sequence
Maintain each adjusted dose for at least 4 weeks
If hemoglobin rises rapidly (>2.0 g/dL within 4 weeks), reduce the dose or temporarily discontinue treatment
Dose adjustment sequence:
20 mg → 40 mg → 50 mg → 70 mg → 100 mg → 150 mg → 200 mg → 250 mg → 300 mg → 400 mg
(400 mg is indicated only for CKD patients on dialysis)
If ≥24 hours remain before the next scheduled dose, take the missed dose immediately
If <24 hours remain, skip the missed dose and continue with the next scheduled dose
Do not take two doses on the same day
Roxadustat tablets may be taken with or without food.
(Except lanthanum carbonate)
Risk: Significant reduction in Roxadustat exposure
AUC decreased by 46–67%
Cmax decreased by 52–66%
Recommendation: Roxadustat should be taken at least 1 hour after phosphate binders or supplements containing multivalent cations (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron).
Gemfibrozil: CYP2C8 and OATP1B1 inhibitor
Probenecid: UGT and OAT1/OAT3 inhibitor
Risk:
Roxadustat AUC increased by 2.3-fold
Cmax increased by 1.4-fold
Recommendation: Adjust Roxadustat dose according to hemoglobin (Hb) monitoring and recommended dose-adjustment guidelines.
(e.g., simvastatin, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin)
Risk: Increased AUC and Cmax
Recommendation: Monitor Hb levels closely and adjust Roxadustat dosage as per standard dose-adjustment protocols.
Roxadustat must not be administered during pregnancy or in women who may become pregnant.
Roxadustat is contraindicated during breastfeeding.
Use Roxadustat with caution due to the potential risk of thrombotic vascular events (TVEs), particularly in patients with risk factors such as obesity or a prior history of thrombosis.
Caution is advised in patients with a history of seizures.
Roxadustat should not be initiated in patients with active or serious infections.
Contraindicated in patients with hepatic disorders.
Therapy should not be started in pregnant women.
Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place
Protect from light and moisture
Keep out of the reach of children
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