AH is a benzimidazole-type anthelmintic effective against most nematodes and certain cestodes. It is prescribed for intestinal nematode infections and, in higher doses, for hydatid disease. AH has vermicidal, ovicidal, and larvicidal properties. Its main action is to inhibit tubulin polymerization, disrupting cytoplasmic microtubules in parasites.
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Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic that kills worms and their eggs/larvae by blocking glucose uptake in susceptible helminths, leading to energy depletion and death. It binds to tubulin in parasites, preventing microtubule formation, and also binds to human tubulin. Albendazole is poorly absorbed from the GI tract but undergoes rapid first-pass metabolism in the liver, forming albendazole sulphoxide (active metabolite) with a plasma half-life of ~8.5 hours. Excretion is mainly via urine.
Effective in single or mixed infestations of:
Adults & children >2 years:
Enterobiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis, hookworm: 400 mg single dose (1 tablet or 10 ml suspension).
Strongyloidiasis, taeniasis: 400 mg daily for 3 days; repeat course after 3 weeks if needed.
Children 1–2 years: 200 mg single dose (5 ml suspension).
Children <1 year: Not recommended.
Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis):
≥60 kg: 400 mg twice daily for 28 days.
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in two doses (max 800 mg/day).
Cystic echinococcosis: up to 3 cycles of 28 days with 14-day breaks.
Alveolar echinococcosis: prolonged cycles (28 days on, 14 days off) may be needed for months or years.
Giardiasis: 400 mg daily for 5 days.
Possible effects include gastrointestinal upset, headache, dizziness, altered liver enzymes, reversible hair loss, rash, fever, and rare blood disorders (e.g., leukopenia, pancytopenia). Severe allergic reactions can occur if hydatid cysts rupture. Neurological symptoms (e.g., convulsions, meningism) may arise in cerebral infections.
FDA pregnancy category C — avoid during pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks. Use with caution in breastfeeding.
Store in a cool, dry place away from light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
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