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Sitagliptin, the active ingredient in Glipita, is a DPP-4 inhibitor. It works by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones, leading to increased levels of active hormones and prolonged action. Incretin hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released by the intestine, especially after meals, and regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin release and reducing glucagon secretion. Sitagliptin selectively inhibits DPP-4 without affecting DPP-8 or DPP-9 at therapeutic doses.
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✅ Description:
Monotherapy and Combination Therapy: Glipita is prescribed as an adjunct to diet and exercise to enhance glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Glipita is not suitable for patients with type 1 diabetes or for treating diabetic ketoacidosis, as it is ineffective in these conditions.
- The medication has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis, and it is unclear if such patients are at an increased risk of pancreatitis while taking Glipita.
Note: Always use medication as directed by a registered physician.
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✔️ Uses of Glipita 50
- Used to manage Type 2 Diabetes
✔️ How does Glipita 50 work?
Glipita 50 works by slowing down the inactivation of gut hormones released after eating the meals. This kind of action increases the secretion of insulin and decreases glucagon release (a hormone that raises blood glucose levels), resulting in an overall increase in blood glucose control.
✔️ The recommended dosage of sitagliptin is:
- 50 mg twice daily
- 100 mg once daily
- Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in individuals under 18 years of age have not been established.
- Geriatric Use: Adjust doses carefully in elderly patients due to potential renal impairment. Monitor renal function periodically.
Renal Dosage Adjustments:
- Mild Renal Insufficiency (CrCl <50 mL/min): No dosage adjustment is needed.
- Moderate Renal Insufficiency (CrCl 30-50 mL/min): 50 mg once daily.
- Severe Renal Insufficiency (CrCl <30 mL/min or ESRD): 25 mg once daily.
✔️ Drug Interactions
- Effects on Other Drugs: Glipita does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of metformin, glyburide, simvastatin, rosiglitazone, warfarin, or oral contraceptives.
- Digoxin: Slight increases in digoxin concentration may occur, but no dosage adjustments are necessary.
✔️ Contraindications
History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to sitagliptin, such as anaphylaxis or angioedema.
✔️ Side Effects of Glipita 50
Common side effects include:
- Headache
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Nasopharyngitis
Hypoglycemia may occur when Glipita is used in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin.
✔️ Overdose Effects
- In clinical trials, doses up to 800 mg were well-tolerated, with minimal effects on QTc intervals.
- In case of overdose, provide supportive care, monitor the patient, and consider hemodialysis if necessary (approximately 13.5% of the dose can be removed in 3-4 hours).
✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation
- Pregnancy: Classified as Pregnancy Category B. Animal studies show no harm, but human studies are lacking. Use during pregnancy only if needed.
- Lactation: Sitagliptin is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. It is unknown if it passes into human breast milk. Caution is advised when administering to nursing women.
✔️ Precautions & Warnings
- Pancreatitis: If pancreatitis is suspected, discontinue Glipita immediately and initiate appropriate treatment.
- Renal Insufficiency: Dosage adjustments are required for moderate to severe renal impairment or ESRD patients undergoing dialysis.
- Hypoglycemia: Dosage adjustments may be necessary when used with sulfonylureas or insulin to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Rare but serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been reported. Discontinue use immediately if these occur.
✔️ Storage Conditions
Store below 25°C in a dry, dark place. Keep out of reach of children and do not use beyond the expiry date. Dispense only on the prescription of a registered physician.
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