Daomin 850mg Tablet

Type 2 Diabetes:

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and lifelong disease characterized by the body's inability to properly utilize insulin. This condition results in either insufficient production of insulin or resistance to its action. Type 2 diabetes is often referred to as adult-onset diabetes because it primarily affects middle-aged or older individuals.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes include:

1. Increased thirst
2. Frequent urination, especially at night
3. Slow wound healing
4. Increased hunger
5. Fatigue
6. Blurred vision

In some cases, individuals with type 2 diabetes may experience weight gain, while rare instances of weight loss may also occur.

Complications associated with type 2 diabetes can be severe and include:

• Neuropathy: Nerve problems that can lead to pain, tingling, or numbness, primarily in the extremities.
• Nephropathy: Kidney problems that can progress to kidney failure if left untreated.
• Retinopathy: Damage to the retina of the eyes, which can result in vision problems or blindness.
• Loss of Limbs: Poor circulation and nerve damage can lead to foot ulcers and, in severe cases, amputation of limbs.
• Sexual Dysfunction: Diabetes can contribute to sexual health issues in both men and women.
• Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Managing type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and, in some cases, losing weight. Medications and insulin therapy may also be necessary to control blood sugar levels. Regular medical check-ups and monitoring are essential to prevent and manage complications associated with type 2 diabetes.

How does Daomin 850mg Tablet work?

Daomin 850mg Tablet is an antidiabetic medicine. It makes the body more sensitive to insulin (a hormone involved in glucose metabolism). This helps our body cells to utilize more amount of the circulating blood glucose, thereby reducing blood sugar levels. Additionally, it also prevents glucose production by the liver and reduces its absorption in the body.

Side Effects of Daomin 850mg Tablet

Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite, typically most pronounced in the initial weeks of treatment but usually temporary. Metformin should be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. Taste disturbance and, rarely, encephalopathy may occur. Cases of peripheral neuropathy have been observed in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. Other rare side effects include hemolytic anemia, which should be considered in cases of megaloblastic anemia.

Quick Suggestions:

• Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise every week.
• Gradually lose weight to achieve a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI) within the range of 18.5 to 24.9.
• Replace refined carbohydrates with whole grains, and increase your intake of fruits, vegetables, and other fiber-rich foods.
• Reduce saturated fat consumption by avoiding foods like chips, pastries, and biscuits. Opt for cooking oils that contain omega-3 fatty acids, such as palm oil, mustard oil, groundnut oil, rice bran oil, and safflower oil.
• Employ stress management techniques like mindfulness, meditation, or yoga to control stress-related blood sugar fluctuations.
• Keep your blood pressure within the normal range (140/90) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes patients.
• Continue taking Metformin even if your blood sugar levels seem under control. If you miss a dose, consult your physician rather than taking a larger dose.
• Consume short, frequent meals and avoid prolonged fasting when taking Metformin. Be aware of symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and carry quick sources of sugar, like candies or glucose biscuits, especially during travel.
• Inform your physician about any underlying conditions, such as kidney disease, liver disease, prior heart attacks, or alcohol intake, before starting Metformin.
• Try to quit smoking and reduce your intake of carbohydrate-rich foods like potatoes, rice, mangoes, bread, and sugar.

Indication

Metformin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in overweight patients when diet and exercise alone are insufficient to control blood sugar levels. It can be administered alone or in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin in adults. Metformin can also be used, either alone or with insulin, in children and adolescents as young as ten years old. It has shown benefits in reducing diabetic complications in overweight type 2 diabetes patients when used as first-line therapy after dietary measures have failed.

Pharmacology

Metformin belongs to the biguanide class of antihyperglycemic medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. It reduces both baseline and postprandial (after-meal) blood glucose levels. Unlike sulfonylureas, it does not lead to hypoglycemia. Metformin works by increasing insulin sensitivity, promoting peripheral glucose uptake and utilization, reducing hepatic glucose production, and lowering intestinal glucose absorption.

Dosage & Administration of

• Metformin immediate-release tablet:
  • Adult: The usual starting dose is 500 mg twice a day or 850 mg once a day with meals. Dosage increases should be made incrementally (e.g., 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks) up to a maximum of 2000 mg daily, divided. For further glycemic control, doses can be increased to a maximum of 2550 mg daily, best taken three times a day with meals.
  • Children: The usual starting dose is 500 mg twice daily with meals. Incremental increases of 500 mg weekly can be made up to a maximum of 2000 mg daily, divided.
• Metformin extended-release tablet: Swallow whole, do not crush, cut, or chew.
  • Adult: The usual starting dose is 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Incremental increases of 500 mg weekly are possible, up to a maximum of 2000 mg once daily with the evening meal or 1000 mg twice daily with meals. Switching from immediate-release to extended-release tablets is feasible.
  • Children: Metformin extended-release tablet has not been studied in children.
• Renal impaired patient: Do not use Metformin in patients with eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m². Evaluate risk/benefit if eGFR falls below 45 mL/min/1.73 m².

Interaction

• Co-administration with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., Topiramate, Zonisamide) may increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
• Drugs that inhibit Metformin clearance (e.g., Ranolazine, dolutegravir, Cimetidine) can lead to Metformin accumulation.
• Alcohol can amplify Metformin's effect on lactate metabolism.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient or any excipient.
• Acute metabolic acidosis (e.g., lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis).
• Renal failure with a GFR of less than 30 mL/min.
• Conditions causing tissue hypoxia (e.g., cardiac or respiratory failure, recent myocardial infarction, shock).
• Hepatic insufficiency, acute alcohol intoxication, and alcoholism.

Pregnancy & Lactation

• In pregnancy, it's recommended to manage diabetes with insulin to minimize the risk of congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. Metformin can be used when necessary.
• Metformin is secreted in breast milk, and although no harmful effects have been identified in breastfed infants, breastfeeding is not recommended due to insufficient data.

Precautions & Warnings

• Metformin is eliminated significantly through the kidneys, so the risk of Metformin buildup and lactic acidosis increases with declining renal function.
• It has been associated with reduced vitamin B12 levels.
• Combining Metformin with insulin or insulin secretagogues may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Storage Conditions

Store below 30°C, protected from light and moisture, and keep out of children's reach.