Moxaclav 0.6 IV Injection

✔️ Uses of Moxaclav 0.6 IV Injection

• Bacterial infections

✔️ How does Moxaclav 0.6 IV Injection work?

Moxaclav 0.6 IV is a combination of two medicines: Amoxycillin and Clavulanic Acid. Amoxycillin is an antibiotic. It works by preventing the formation of the bacterial protective covering which is essential for the survival of bacteria. Clavulanic Acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor which reduces resistance and enhances the activity of Amoxycillin against bacteria.

✔️ Side Effects of Moxaclav 0.6 IV Injection

• Uncommon, usually mild, and transitory: diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, candidiasis.
• Rare: hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice (usually reversible), urticarial and erythematous rashes, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis.

✔️ Quick Suggestions:

• You have been prescribed this combination medicine to treat bacterial infections even if they have developed resistance.
• Finish the prescribed course, even if you start to feel better. Stopping it early may make the infection come back and harder to treat.
• Diarrhea may occur as a side effect. Taking probiotics along with Moxaclav 0.6 IV may help. Talk to your doctor if you notice bloody stools or develop abdominal cramps.
• Take it with food and plenty of fluids to avoid an upset stomach.
• Stop taking Moxaclav 0.6 IV and inform your doctor immediately if you develop an itchy rash, swelling of the face, throat or tongue or breathing difficulties while taking it.
• Do not use leftover medicine for treating any infection in the future. Always consult your doctor before taking any antibiotic.

✔️ Indication:

Moxaclav 0.6 IV Injection is indicated for the short-term treatment of bacterial infections at the following sites:

• Upper respiratory tract (including ENT): tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media
• Lower respiratory tract: acute and chronic bronchitis, lobar and bronchopneumonia
• Genito-urinary tract: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections: osteomyelitis
• Other infections: septic abortion, puerperal sepsis, intra-abdominal sepsis

✔️ Pharmacology

• Pharmacodynamic properties: Combines the antibiotic Amoxicillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor Clavulanic Acid. Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamases, while Clavulanic Acid inactivates a wide range of beta-lactamase enzymes, extending the antibiotic spectrum.
• Pharmacokinetic properties: Both components reach peak serum levels about an hour after oral administration. Absorption is optimized at the start of a meal. Serum levels double with double dosing. Both components have low serum binding (about 70% remains free).

✔️ Dosage & Administration:

IV injection: 

• Adults: 1.2 gm every 8 hours, increased to 1.2 gm every 6 hours for serious infections.
• Surgical prophylaxis: 1.2 gm at induction, up to 2-3 gm every 8 hours for high-risk procedures.
• Children:
  • 0-3 months: 30 mg/kg every 8 hours (every 12 hours in premature infants).
  • 3 months-12 years: 30 mg/kg every 8 hours, increased to every 6 hours for serious infections. Reconstituted vial must be used within 20 minutes. Administer intravenously by injection over 2 minutes or slow infusion over 30 minutes.

Use in Special Populations

• Adjust dose for renal impairment:
  • Mild impairment (Creatinine clearance >30 ml/min): No dosage change.
  • Moderate impairment (Creatinine clearance 10-30 ml/min): 375 mg or 625 mg every 12 hours or 1.2 gm IV followed by 0.6 gm IV every 12 hours.
  • Severe impairment (Creatinine clearance <10 ml/min): 375 mg every 12 hours or 1.2 gm IV followed by 0.6 gm IV every 24 hours.
• Children: Similar dosage adjustments.

Reconstitution

• IV injection: 1.2 gm reconstituted in 20 ml Water for Injection BP. Should not be mixed with dextrose solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, protein hydrolysates, blood, or plasma. Can be injected into infusion fluids containing glucose, bicarbonate, and dextran over 3-4 minutes.

✔️ Interaction

• Prolongation of bleeding and prothrombin time were reported.
• May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives.
• Concomitant use of allopurinol can increase the likelihood of allergic skin reactions.

✔️ Contraindications

• History of penicillin hypersensitivity.
• Cross-sensitivity with other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins).
• History of Co-amoxiclav or penicillin-associated cholestatic jaundice.

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

• Animal studies show no teratogenic effects.
• Limited human pregnancy use shows no untoward effects.
• Not recommended unless essential by the physician.
• Trace amounts of Amoxicillin detected in breast milk.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

• Use with caution in patients on anticoagulation therapy or with severe hepatic dysfunction.
• Adjust dosage in moderate or severe renal impairment.
• Maintain adequate fluid intake and urinary output to minimize crystalluria.

✔️ Storage Conditions:

Store below 25°C, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted suspension should be refrigerated and used within 7 days. Reconstituted vial must be used within 20 minutes.