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Nalidixin 500mg Tablet
Nalidixin is prescribed for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible Gram-negative bacteria, including:
- Proteus species
- Klebsiella species
- Enterobacter species
- Escherichia coli
✅ Description:
Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibacterial agent with a narrow spectrum of activity. It can act as either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on the concentration. The drug inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis, likely by interfering with DNA polymerization.
- Absorption: Rapid and complete absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
- Distribution: Parent drug and active metabolites reach most tissues, particularly the kidneys and urinary system.
- Elimination:
- Normal renal function: Half-life of 1.1 to 2.5 hours.
- Impaired renal function: Half-life extends up to 21 hours.
- Excretion: Rapid and nearly complete within 24 hours.
✔️ Possible gastrointestinal and systemic side effects include:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Hemolysis in individuals with G6PD deficiency
- Allergic reactions (urticaria, skin rashes, fever, joint pain, eosinophilia)
- Muscle pain, weakness, and phototoxicity
- Jaundice, visual disturbances, and convulsions
✔️ Therapeutic Class:
- Anti-diarrheal Antimicrobial Drugs
- Other Anti-protozoals
- Systemic Urinary Anti-infectives
✔️ Dosage & Administration:
For Adults:
- Initial Dose: 1 g every 6 hours for 7 days.
- Maintenance Dose: 500 mg every 6 hours.
For Children (3 months and older):
- Initial Dose: 13.75 mg per kg of body weight every 6 hours for 1–2 weeks.
- Maintenance Dose: 8.25 mg per kg of body weight every 6 hours, or as directed by a physician.
Follow a doctor’s instructions before use.
✔️ Drug Interactions:
- Melphalan: Reports of fatal cases due to severe hemorrhagic ulcerative colitis when used together.
- Probenecid: Inhibits the renal excretion of Nalidixin, leading to increased serum concentration and potential toxicity.
- Chlorpromazine & Perphenazine: Shown to enhance the effect of Nalidixin in vitro.
✔️ Nalidixic acid should not be used in individuals with:
- Infants under 3 months
- Epilepsy
- Central nervous system (CNS) lesions
✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation:
- Potential Risks:
- May cause cartilage damage.
- Being a DNA-gyrase inhibitor, it could contribute to DNA damage.
- Breastfeeding Consideration:
- Excreted in breast milk.
- There is a reported case of hemolytic anemia in a breastfed infant of an azotemic mother.
✔️ Precautions & Warnings:
- Careful risk-benefit assessment is necessary during the first trimester of pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
- Caution is advised in patients with impaired kidney or liver function.
✔️ Storage Instructions:
- Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture.
- Keep out of reach of children.
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