Cefotil 250mg Tablet

Uses of

Used to treat:

• Lower, upper respiratory tract infection
• Urinary tract infection
• Gynaecological infection
• Skin or soft tissue infection

How does

The drug belongs to the second generation cephalosporins. It works as a bactericidal by inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the penicillin binding proteins which would inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria.

Side Effects of Cefotil 250mg Tablet

• The side effects of Cefotil 250mg Tablet are as follows:
• Low Hemoglobin
• Liver Transaminases Increased
• Thrombophlebitis
• Anaphylaxis
• Dizziness
• Fever
• Headache
• Rash
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Colitis
• Neutropenia
• Increased Creatinine Level In Blood
• Seizures
• Angioedema
• Cholestasis

Quick Suggestions:

• Complete the full course: Take Cefotil 250mg Tablet as prescribed by your doctor and finish the entire course of treatment, even if you start feeling better. Skipping doses or stopping the medication prematurely can result in the infection returning and may make it more difficult to treat.
• Take with food: To avoid potential stomach upset, take Cefotil 250mg Tablets with food. This can help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
• Consider probiotics: After completing the full course of Cefotil 250mg Tablet, you may consider taking probiotics to help restore healthy bacteria in your intestine. Probiotics, available in supplement form or certain fermented foods, can help reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and promote a healthy gut microbiome.
• Include fiber-rich foods: Including fiber-enriched foods in your diet can support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Whole grains like whole-grain bread and brown rice are good sources of fiber and can aid in restoring healthy gut microbiota.
• Limit calcium-enriched foods and drinks: Excessive intake of calcium-enriched foods and drinks may potentially interfere with the effectiveness of Cefotil 250mg Tablet. It is advisable to avoid consuming large amounts of calcium while taking this medication.
• Avoid alcohol: It is recommended to avoid alcoholic beverages while taking Cefotil 250mg Tablet. Alcohol can lead to dehydration and interfere with your body's ability to fight off infections.
• Monitor for side effects: Diarrhea is a common side effect of Cefotil 250mg Tablet and should resolve once the treatment is completed. However, if the diarrhea persists or if you notice blood in your stools, inform your doctor. Additionally, discontinue the medication and seek immediate medical attention if you experience a rash, itchy skin, swelling of the face and mouth, or difficulty breathing, as these may indicate an allergic reaction.

Indication

It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria. Pharingitis / Tonsilite caused by Pyogenes Streptococcus.

• Acute Bacterial Otite Caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenzae, Moraxella Catarris (Beatalactamase Producing Logs) or Streptococcus Pyogenes.
• Acute bacterial maxillary sinuses caused by Streptococcus pneumonia or Hemophilus influenza (non-beta-lactamase production strains)
• Infections of the lower respiratory tract, including pneumonia, caused by streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza (including beta lactamase production logs), Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcocco Aureus. (Penicillinasi and non-penicillin production strains), Streptococcus Pyogenes, E. coli.
• Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis caused by pneumonia streptococci, flu hemophile (negative Beatamasi strains) or Haemophilus paraininfluzee (beta-lactamase negative strains).
• Uncomplicated skin infections and skin structure caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase production strains) or streptococcus pyogenes.
• urinary tract infections without complications caused by E.coli or Klebsiella pneumonia.
• bone and articular infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase strains).
• Gonorrhea without complications caused by penicillin production and stumps that produce the non-penicillinase of Neisseria Gororroae.
• Initial Lyme disease (migrant erythema) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
• Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, E.coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampsick strains), and Klebsiella spp.
• meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza (including ampsick strains), Neisseria meningitidis & staphylococcus aureus (penicillinases and non-penicillinase production of production strains) switching therapy
• (injectable to oral)

Pharmacology

Cefuroxime is indeed a bactericidal antibiotic belonging to the second-generation cephalosporin class. It has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including strains that produce beta-lactamase enzymes, which are capable of breaking down beta-lactam antibiotics.

Cefuroxime works by interfering with the transpeptidation process, which is involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. By inhibiting this process, cefuroxime prevents bacteria from forming a functional cell wall, ultimately leading to their death.

To enhance the effectiveness of cefuroxime against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, it is often combined with clavulanic acid, which is a naturally derived beta-lactamase inhibitor. Clavulanic acid has a structure similar to beta-lactam antibiotics and has the ability to irreversibly bind to beta-lactamase enzymes, rendering them inactive. This mechanism of action allows cefuroxime to remain effective against bacteria that would otherwise produce beta-lactamase enzymes to break down the antibiotic.

The combination of cefuroxime with clavulanic acid is commonly used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria or those involving beta-lactamase-producing strains. This combination therapy helps overcome the resistance mechanisms employed by certain bacteria, making it an effective treatment option for a range of infections.

Dosage & Administration of Cefotil 250mg Tablet

Adult Dose:

1. Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 250 mg orally every 12 hours for 10 days.
2. Acute Bacterial Maxillary Sinusitis: 250 mg orally every 12 hours for 10 days.
3. Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: 250-500 mg orally every 12 hours for 10 days. For severe cases, 500-750 mg intravenously every 8 hours. Switch to oral therapy as soon as possible.
4. Secondary Bacterial Infections of Acute Bronchitis: 250-500 mg orally every 12 hours for 5-10 days.
5. Uncomplicated Pneumonia: 750 mg intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 hours.
6. Uncomplicated Skin/Skin Structure Infections: 250-500 mg orally every 12 hours for 10 days. For severe cases, 750 mg intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 hours. Switch to oral therapy as soon as possible.
7. Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: 125-250 mg orally every 12 hours for 7-10 days. For severe cases, 750 mg intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 hours. Switch to oral therapy as soon as possible.
8. Gonorrhea: Uncomplicated - 1 g orally once or 1.5 g intramuscularly once at 2 different sites with 1 g of probenecid orally. Disseminated - 750 mg intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 hours.
9. Early Lyme Disease: 500 mg orally every 12 hours for 20 days.
10. Severe or Complicated Infections: 1.5 g intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 hours. In life-threatening situations, it may be administered every 6 hours.

Child Dose:

Children: Oral - 20-30 mg/kg/day divided into two doses every 12 hours. For bone and joint infections, up to 100 mg/kg/day. Intravenous or Intramuscular - 100-150 mg/kg/day divided into three doses every 8 hours.

Renal Dose:

In patients with renal impairment, the dose adjustment is as follows:

• Patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 10-20 mL/min: 750 mg twice daily.
• Patients with a CrCl less than 10 mL/min: 750 mg once daily.

Please note that these dosing recommendations are a general guideline, and the actual dosage prescribed by your physician may vary based on individual factors such as age, body weight, and the severity of the infection. Always follow your doctor's instructions and take Cefotil 250mg Tablet as advised.

Interaction

Drug-Drug Interactions:

• Oral birth control pills: Cefotil 250mg Tablet may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Additional or alternative contraceptive methods should be considered while taking this medication.
• Medicines that reduce gastric acidity (antacids, omeprazole): These medications may decrease the absorption of Cefotil 250mg Tablet. It is recommended to separate the administration of these medications by at least 2 hours.
• Immunosuppressing drugs (mycophenolate or mycophenolic acid): Cefotil 250mg Tablet may decrease the effectiveness of these drugs. Your doctor may need to adjust the dosage or choose an alternative treatment.
• Medicines used for reducing uric acid (probenecid): Probenecid can increase the concentration of Cefotil 250mg tablets in the blood, leading to an increased risk of side effects. Your doctor may need to adjust the dosage or monitor you closely.
• Some urine glucose tests: Cefotil 250mg Tablet may give false-positive results in urine glucose tests. It is advisable to use alternative methods to monitor glucose levels while taking this medication.
• Typhoid and BCG vaccines: Cefotil 250mg Tablet may reduce the effectiveness of these vaccines. It is recommended to complete the vaccination schedule before starting this medication or consult with your healthcare provider.

Drug-Food Interactions:

• Grapefruit juice and dietary supplements containing minerals like calcium: These substances may interfere with the absorption of antibiotics, including Cefotil 250mg Tablet. It is advisable to avoid or separate the intake of these substances from the medication.

Drug-Disease Interactions:

• Cefotil 250mg Tablet should be used with caution or avoided in patients with colitis, kidney disease, patients planning for ferricyanide tests, patients on dialysis, liver disease, epilepsy (fits), and diarrhea. These conditions may increase the risk of severe side effects or worsen the existing condition.

Regarding the interaction with alcohol, there is no specific information available. It is recommended to consult your doctor regarding the consumption of alcohol while taking Cefotil 250mg Tablet.

Always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications (prescription, over-the-counter, herbal) and medical conditions you have before starting any new medication to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Contraindications

Cefuroxime is not recommended for people who have a Cephalosporin allergy.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Antibiotics should be avoided if at all possible throughout the first trimester. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid, on the other hand, can be safely used to treat urinary and other infections later in pregnancy. Cefuroxime-Clavulanic Acid is excreted in modest amounts in breast milk. However, the possibility of the newborn being sensitized should be considered.

Precaution & Warnings:

Allergic reactions: Individuals with known allergies to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics may have an increased risk of developing an allergic reaction to Cefotil 250mg Tablet. It is important to inform your doctor about any known allergies before starting the medication.

Fungal skin infection: Prolonged use of Cefotil 250mg Tablet or use in combination with other antibiotics may lead to an overgrowth of fungi, specifically Candida, causing a fungal skin infection. If you develop symptoms such as skin rash, itching, or discharge, it is important to inform your doctor.

Overgrowth of other pathogens: Prolonged use of Cefotil 250mg Tablet may lead to the overgrowth of certain bacteria, such as enterococci and Clostridium difficile. If you experience persistent diarrhea or worsening symptoms, it is important to discontinue the medication and consult your doctor.

Colitis: There have been reports of colitis (inflammatory bowel disease) associated with the use of Cefotil 250mg Tablet. If you develop severe or persistent diarrhea, it is important to seek medical attention and consider the proper diagnosis of the condition.

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: In the treatment of Lyme disease, the use of Cefotil 250mg Tablet may cause a reaction known as the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. This reaction occurs due to the release of toxins when bacteria are killed by the antibiotic. Symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and increased skin rash. It is important to be aware of this possibility and seek medical advice if such symptoms occur.

Impaired cognitive and motor function: Cefotil 250mg Tablet may cause dizziness and affect cognitive and motor functions. Patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery and should avoid tasks that require judgment or concentration until they know how the medication affects them.

Severe renal impairment, pregnancy, and lactation: Cefotil 250mg Tablet should be used with caution in individuals with severe renal impairment. It should be used during pregnancy or lactation only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool, dry place (below 30° C), away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.