Ansulin N 100IU Vial

Uses of Ansulin N 100IU Vial

• Treats diabetes mellitus (both type I and type II)

How does Ansulin N 100IU Vial work?

Human insulin is a short-acting insulin, which starts working within 30 minutes after injection. It works similar to the insulin produced by the body. Insulin facilitates the reuptake of sugar in muscle and fat cells and also suppresses the production of sugar in the liver.

Side Effects of

Allergic reactions. Injection site reaction, lipodystrophy, pruritus, rash, lipoatrophy, hypokalaemia, blurred vision. Hypoglycaemia, insulin resistance

Quick Suggestions:

• Take it 20 to 30 minutes before a meal.
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar level) is a common side effect. Learn how to identify and manage its symptoms (sweating, rapid heartbeat, weakness, blurry vision, headache) and teach your family as well.
• Injection below the skin of the abdomen results in faster absorption than other injection sites.
• Injection sites must be rotated to prevent hard lumps from developing at one site.
• Opened vials/cartridges are good at room temperature for up to 4 weeks, while unopened vials must be placed in the refrigerator  (2°C–8°C).

Indication

• Insulatard is used to treat all patients with type 1 diabetes.
• It is also prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes who cannot be adequately controlled with diet and/or oral hypoglycemic agents.
• Additionally, it is used for patients with conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome, and severe infections or operations where initial diabetes stability is crucial.
• Treatment of gestational diabetes is another indication.

Pharmacology

Insulin lowers blood glucose levels. It regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and lipolysis, and enhancing peripheral glucose disposal. The various insulin formulations are classified according to their durations of action after SC Inj. They are divided into short-, intermediate-, or long-acting insulin. Soluble insulin (also known as 'neutral insulin' or 'regular insulin') is a short-acting preparation. To extend the duration of action of insulin, preparations are formulated as suspensions in 2 methods. The 1st method involves complexing insulin with a protein so that it is slowly released, e.g. protamine zinc insulin (contains an excess of protamine) and isophane insulin (or NPH insulin which contains equal amounts of protamine and insulin). An alternative method is particle size modification e.g. insulin zinc suspensions. While all the formulations can be admin by SC inj, most by IM inj, only soluble insulin can be admin by IV. Compared to SC inj, IM admin usually has a faster onset of action, with a shorter duration of action.

Dosage & Administration of

Adult Dose

Subcutaneous Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Suggested guidelines for beginning dose Usual daily maintenance range is 0.5-1 unit/kg/day SC in divided doses; nonobese may require 0.4-0.6 unit/kg/day; obese may require 0.8-1.2 units/kg/day Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Adult: Usual insulin requirement: 0.3-0.6 IU/kg/day; may be given in 1-2 divided doses. The dose should be individualized, to be adjusted according to the patient's needs. Suggested guidelines for beginning dose: 0.2 unit/kg/day May be used alone or in combination with a fast-acting insulin. Change insulin doses in small increments: Type 1 diabetes (2 unit change); type 2 diabetes (2-4 unit change). Look for consistent pattern in blood sugars for >3 days When combined with regular insulin: Morning Give two-thirds of daily insulin SC Ratio of regular insulin to NPH insulin 1:2 Evening Give one-third of daily insulin SC Ratio of regular insulin to NPH insulin 1:1 Dosing Considerations Dosage of human insulin, must be based on the results of blood and urine glucose tests and must be carefully individualized to optimal effect Dose adjustments should be based on regular blood glucose testing Adjust to achieve appropriate glucose control Hepatic impairment: Dosage reduction may be needed.

Child Dose

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus <12 years: Safety and efficacy not established >12 years: Suggested dose is 0.5-1 unit/kg/day SC; use adult dosing; usual daily maintenance range in adolescents is <1.2 units/kg/day during growth spurts

Renal Dose

Renal impairment: Dose adjustments may be needed.

Administration

Administer within 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after a meal. Administer subcutaneously in the upper arm, thigh, or abdominal wall. A subcutaneous injection into the abdominal wall results in a faster absorption than from other injection sites. NPH Insulin suspensions are never to be administered intravenously.

Interaction

Possible absence of hypoglycaemic warning symptoms with beta-blockers. Decreased hypoglycaemic effect with corticosteroids, danazol, diazoxide, diuretics, glucagon, isoniazid, phenothiazine derivatives, somatropin, sympathomimetic agents, thyroid hormones, oestrogens, progestins (e.g. in oral contraceptives), protease inhibitors and atypical antipsychotic (e.g. olanzapine and clozapine). Increased hypoglycaemic effect with oral antidiabetic agents, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, MAOIs, pentoxifylline, propoxyphene, salicylates and sulfonamide antibiotics. Decreased insulin resistance with octreotide and lanreotide. Increased risk of wt gain and peripheral oedema with pioglitazone, rosiglitazone. Decreased effect of sermorelin.

Contraindications

Hypoglycaemia. Hypersensitivity to any of the components.

Pregnancy & Lactation

There are no restrictions on using insulin during pregnancy, as it does not pass the placental barrier.

Precautions & Warnings

• Stopping treatment or inadequate dosing, especially in type 1 diabetes, can lead to high blood sugar.
• Symptoms of hyperglycemia may appear gradually and include thirst, increased urination, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and more.
• Severe hyperglycemia, if untreated, can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, which can be fatal.
• Hypoglycemia can occur if meals are skipped or vigorous physical exercise is not planned.
• Patients with well-controlled blood sugar may experience changes in their usual warning symptoms of hypoglycemia.
• Appropriate counseling is recommended.
• Long-term warning symptoms for diabetes patients may disappear.

Storage Conditions

• Store in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C) without freezing.
• Keep the container cartridge or vial in the outer carton to protect from light.