Sonexa 5mg/ml IM/IV Injection 1pc

✔️ Dosage & Administration of Sonexa 5mg/ml IM/IV Injection

• Dexamethasone injection may be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or locally, depending on the clinical indication and formulation.
• Administer high-dose intravenous injections slowly under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.
• Administer intramuscular injections using the appropriate technique to minimise local tissue damage.
• Intra-articular injections must be administered under strict aseptic conditions because corticosteroids can reduce resistance to infection.
• For systemic treatment in adults, doses may be calculated according to body weight and the severity of the condition. Emergency conditions may require higher initial doses followed by a gradual reduction.
• Local injection doses vary according to the joint or tissue being treated. The dose and interval must be determined by the treating specialist.

1. Children: Corticosteroids may affect growth and development, particularly with prolonged use. Children should receive the lowest effective dose, with growth and treatment response monitored by a healthcare professional.
2. Older adults: Greater caution may be needed because of the increased risk of osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, and other complications.
3. Patients with diabetes: Blood glucose levels may rise during treatment. More frequent monitoring and adjustment of antidiabetic treatment may be necessary.

✔️ Interaction

• Endocrine and metabolic effects: Cushing-like features, increased facial or body hair, menstrual irregularities, impaired glucose tolerance, adrenal suppression, and altered calcium and nitrogen balance.
• Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: Sodium and fluid retention, high blood pressure, potassium loss, and hypokalemic alkalosis.
• Musculoskeletal effects: Muscle weakness, myopathy, osteoporosis, and avascular necrosis of the femoral or humeral heads.
• Gastrointestinal effects: Gastric or duodenal ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and, in severe cases, perforation.
• Skin effects: Delayed wound healing, skin thinning, stretch marks, bruising, petechiae, acne, facial redness, and increased sweating.
• Central nervous system effects: Insomnia, mood changes, euphoria, depression, psychiatric disturbances, and, rarely, seizures.
• Eye effects: Increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and posterior subcapsular cataracts.
• Immune effects: Increased susceptibility to infections and reduced responses to certain vaccines and skin tests.

✔️ Sonexa may be unsuitable for patients with the following conditions, depending on the clinical circumstances:

• Hypersensitivity to dexamethasone or other corticosteroids.
• Systemic fungal infections.
• Certain untreated viral infections, including varicella and herpes infections.
• Viral infections affecting the eyes.
• Glaucoma, where corticosteroid use may worsen the condition.
• Active gastric or duodenal ulcers, which require careful assessment because corticosteroids may increase gastrointestinal complications.

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy: Dexamethasone should be used during pregnancy only when the expected benefits justify the potential risks to the developing fetus. A doctor should assess the need for treatment and select the appropriate dose.

Breastfeeding: Dexamethasone may pass into breast milk. Patients receiving high doses or prolonged treatment should consult their doctor about potential risks and whether breastfeeding should continue.

✔️ Interaction

• Diuretics and cardiac glycosides: May increase potassium loss. Low potassium levels can increase the risk of toxicity from cardiac glycosides.
• Antidiabetic medicines: Dexamethasone may increase blood glucose levels and raise the requirement for diabetes medication.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Concurrent use may increase the risk of gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, and bleeding.
• Oral anticoagulants: Corticosteroids may alter the response to anticoagulant treatment, requiring closer monitoring.
• Liver enzyme-inducing medicines: Drugs such as rifampicin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone may reduce the effectiveness of dexamethasone.
• Salicylates: Changes in corticosteroid dosage during concurrent use require caution because they may affect salicylate levels and toxicity.
• Antacids: Certain antacids, particularly those containing magnesium trisilicate, may reduce gastrointestinal absorption of corticosteroids. The doses may need to be separated.

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

• Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest appropriate duration. Long-term treatment should not be stopped suddenly; the dose may need to be reduced gradually.
• Cardiovascular and renal conditions: Use with caution in patients with heart failure, hypertension, or kidney impairment because corticosteroids may cause fluid retention and worsen blood pressure.
• Endocrine conditions: Prolonged treatment may suppress adrenal function. Gradual dose reduction helps minimise the risk of adrenal insufficiency.
• Gastrointestinal disorders: Patients with peptic ulcers, diverticulitis, intestinal surgical connections, or ulcerative colitis require careful monitoring because of the potential risk of gastrointestinal complications.
• Musculoskeletal conditions: Consider the risk of osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal patients and those receiving long-term treatment.
• Neurological and psychiatric conditions: Dexamethasone may cause insomnia, mood changes, depression, or severe psychiatric symptoms. High doses may also cause muscle weakness, particularly in susceptible patients.
• Infections: Corticosteroids suppress immune function and may worsen existing infections or mask their symptoms. Seek medical advice if signs of infection develop.

✔️ Storage:

Store below 30°C, protect from light, and do not freeze unless the product label specifies otherwise.