Skycillin 250mg Capsule

✔️ Uses of

Bacterial infections.

✔️ How does Skycillin 250mg Capsule work?

Ampicillin is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing them from forming the bacterial protective covering (cell wall) which is needed for them to survive.

✔️ Side Effects of Skycillin 250mg Capsule

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, erythematous maculopapular rashes, sore mouth, black/hairy tongue, rash, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, fever, joint pains, serum sickness-like symptoms, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, coagulation disorders, prolonged bleeding time and prothrombin time, CNS toxicity (e.g., convulsions), paraesthesia, nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, moderate and transient increase in transaminases, anaphylaxis, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).

✔️ Quick Suggestions:

• Ampicillin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
• Finish the prescribed course, even if you start to feel better. Stopping it early may make the infection come back and harder to treat.
• Diarrhea may occur as a side effect. Taking probiotics along with Ampicillin may help. Talk to your doctor if you notice bloody stools or develop abdominal cramps.
• Stop taking this medicine and inform your doctor immediately if you develop an itchy rash, swelling of the face, throat, or tongue, or breathing difficulties while taking it.

✔️ Pharmacology

Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which in turn inhibit the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. Bacteria eventually lyse due to the ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.

✔️ Dosage of Skycillin 250mg Capsule

Intra-articular:

• Adults: 500 mg daily.
• Children <10 years: Half of the adult dosage.

Intraperitoneal:

• Adults: 500 mg daily.
• Children <10 years: Half of the adult dosage.

Intrapleural:

• Adults: 500 mg daily.
• Children <10 years: Half of the adult dosage.

Intravenous:

• Meningitis:
  • Adults: 2 gm every 6 hours.
  • Children: 150 mg/kg daily in divided doses.
• Intrapartum prophylaxis against group B Streptococcal infection in neonates:
  • Adults: Initially, 2 gm via IV injection followed by 1 gm every 4 hours until delivery.

Oral:

• Various infections:
  • Adults: 0.25-1 gm every 6 hours.
  • Children <10 years: Half of the adult dosage.
• Typhoid and paratyphoid fever:
  • Adults: 1-2 gm every 6 hours for 2 weeks in acute infections, and 4-12 weeks in carriers.
• Uncomplicated gonorrhea:
  • Adults: 2 gm with 1 gm of probenecid as a single dose, recommended to be repeated in female patients.
• Urinary tract infections:
  • Adults: 500 mg every 8 hours.

Parenteral:

• Susceptible infections:
  • Adults: 500 mg every 6 hours via IM or slow IV injection over 3-5 minutes or by infusion.
  • Children <10 years: Half of the adult dosage.
• Septicemia:
  • Adults: 150-200 mg/kg daily. Initiate with IV administration for at least 3 days, then continue with IM injection every 3-4 hours. Continue treatment for at least 48-72 hours after the patient becomes asymptomatic or when there is evidence of bacterial eradication. Recommended treatment duration for infections caused by group-A β-hemolytic streptococci: At least 10 days, to prevent the occurrence of acute rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis.
  • Children: Same as adult dose.

✔️ Use in Special Populations

• Renal Impairment: CrCl < 10: Dose reduction or increase in dose interval.

✔️ Overdose Effects of Skycillin 250mg Capsule

• Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May be removed from the circulation by hemodialysis.

✔️ Administration: Skycillin 250mg Capsule

• Should be taken on an empty stomach: 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.

✔️ Interaction

• May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives.
• May alter INR while on warfarin and phenindione.
• May reduce the efficacy of oral typhoid vaccines.
• May reduce the excretion of methotrexate.
• Reduced excretion with probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, increasing the risk of toxicity.
• Allopurinol increases ampicillin-induced skin reactions.
• Reduced absorption with chloroquine.
• Bacteriostatic antibacterials (e.g., erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline) may interfere with the bactericidal action of ampicillin.

✔️ Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to ampicillin and other penicillins.

✔️ Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy Category B: Either animal reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women, or animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the first trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).

✔️ Precautions & Warnings

• Use with caution in patients with a history of β-lactam allergy.
• During renal impairment, pregnancy, and lactation.

✔️ Storage:

• Store between 20-25°C.
• Reconstituted oral suspension: Store between 2-8°C (discard after 14 days).